CH-PL Series Vertical Shaft Impactor

The Ormaise CH-PL vertical shaft impactor is built for the two jobs this machine class does best: making manufactured sand and improving the shape of crushed aggregate. Rock is accelerated in a high-speed rotor and thrown against a self-formed material lining in the chamber, so most breakage is rock-on-rock. That is what gives the product its cubic shape and keeps wear cost under control. Seven models cover one hundred and eighty to nine hundred and sixty tonnes per hour, with feed up to forty-two millimetres and rotor ejection speeds of sixty to eighty metres per second. Zhekuang Heavy Industry is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange ChiNext board (SZSE: 300837) and test-runs every machine before dispatch.

Rock-on-rock crushing against a self-formed material lining produces a consistently cubic product and protects the chamber walls from direct wear.
Precisely controlled cascade (bypass) feeding lets part of the flow skirt the rotor, so capacity, gradation and particle shape can be tuned from the feed side.
Fengshen rotor with a double-throw wear part layout extends wear part service time and shields the rotor body from damage.
Ejection speed of sixty to eighty metres per second and multi-pass impact inside the chamber give high sand-making efficiency and a well-graded output.
Feed up to forty-two millimetres, typically the shaped or screened product of an upstream cone crusher, with closed-circuit screening recommended.
Seven models from two hundred to eight hundred kilowatts installed power, including twin-rotor and four-rotor configurations for high-capacity plants.
PLC control with a simple HMI shortens operator training, and wear parts are arranged for quick replacement to cut downtime.
Proven on granite, basalt, river pebble, limestone and ore tailings for manufactured sand, road base and asphalt aggregate production.

Ormaise CH-PL series vertical shaft impactor for manufactured sand and aggregate shaping

Rock-on-Rock Crushing, Cubic Product

Feed enters the rotor, is accelerated to sixty to eighty metres per second and thrown against a material lining that builds up inside the chamber. Rock breaks against rock, so the product keeps a cubic shape with few flaky particles and the chamber walls see little direct metal wear. This is why a vertical shaft impactor is the standard last stage when particle shape decides whether the product can be sold.

Cascade Feeding for Gradation Control

A controlled share of the feed bypasses the rotor and falls freely around it, forming a curtain that the ejected material strikes. By adjusting the cascade ratio together with rotor speed, the operator tunes capacity, gradation and the proportion of finished sand per pass without stopping the machine.

Fengshen Rotor, Longer Wear Life

The Fengshen rotor uses a double-throw wear part combination that spreads impact across replaceable elements and keeps the rotor body out of the wear path. Wear parts are arranged for quick access and change-out, which shortens the maintenance stop that decides the real cost per tonne on abrasive duties.

Sand Making and Shaping in One Machine

Run with a coarse feed and high speed, the CH-PL works as a sand maker producing manufactured sand to order. Fed with the oversize or poorly shaped product of a cone crusher at a gentler setting, it works as a shaping machine that upgrades aggregate for asphalt and concrete specifications. Many plants use one machine for both duties across the week.

Browse the CH-PL Vertical Shaft Impactor Range

Model	Rotor Diameter (mm)	Power (kW)	Rotor Speed (r/min)	Max Feed Size (mm)	Throughput (t/h)	Weight (kg)
CH-PL7300	730	200	1,200-1,900	≤42	180-240	11,200
CH-PL860E	860	400	1,000-1,800	≤42	300-450	16,500
CH-PL8600	860	250×2	1,000-1,800	≤42	300-450	17,200
CH-PL1000	1,000	355×2	1,200-1,570	≤42	480-700	21,000
CH-2PL7300	730	200×2	1,200-1,900	≤42	360-480	20,500
CH-2PL860E	860	400×2	1,000-1,800	≤42	600-900	28,200
CH-4PL7300	730	200×4	1,200-1,900	≤42	720-960	29,800

Ormaise vertical shaft impactor rotor assembly and testing workshop

Rotor Balancing as a Standalone Discipline

A vertical shaft impactor lives or dies by its rotor. Every CH-PL rotor is dynamically balanced as an assembly after the wear parts are fitted, with residual imbalance held to a tight limit, so the machine runs smoothly at one thousand to one thousand nine hundred revolutions per minute and bearing life is protected.

Large-Scale Fabrication and Machining

Housings, bearing cartridges and feed arrangements are fabricated and machined in our own plant to controlled tolerances. Critical welds are inspected, and mating surfaces are finish-machined after stress relief, which keeps alignment stable through years of vibration duty.

Loaded Test Run Before Dispatch

Each machine completes a no-load and loaded run before it leaves the factory. Vibration, bearing temperature and motor draw are recorded against acceptance limits, and the test report travels with the machine to site.

Build Records Kept for Every Machine

Every order builds a digital file from raw material batch through machining, balancing and final assembly. Years later, the drawings, material certificates and balancing records of that exact machine are still retrievable for parts and service.

Staged Quality Gates at Every Station

Incoming inspection, welding, machining, balancing and assembly each close with a signed quality gate before work moves on. Problems are caught at the station where they happen, which keeps rework out of the final stages and delivery dates predictable.

FAQs

What is a vertical shaft impactor used for?

A vertical shaft impactor is the finishing stage of a crushing plant. Its two main jobs are producing manufactured sand and upgrading the shape of crushed aggregate to a cubic product for concrete and asphalt specifications. It also serves road base production, recycling duties and pre-grinding of ore ahead of a mill. Whenever particle shape decides product value, the VSI is the machine that earns its place.

How does a vertical shaft impactor work?

Feed drops through the hopper into a rotor spinning at high speed. The rotor accelerates the rock and throws it outward at sixty to eighty metres per second against a material lining that forms inside the chamber, so rock breaks against rock along its natural weakness planes. A controlled part of the feed can bypass the rotor and form a curtain that the ejected material strikes. Each piece is impacted several times before it leaves through the discharge opening.

What is the difference between a VSI and an HSI crusher?

An HSI, or horizontal shaft impactor, is a primary and secondary machine: it takes large feed straight from the quarry face and delivers high reduction on softer, less abrasive rock such as limestone, with blow bars doing the work. A VSI is a tertiary and quaternary finishing machine: it takes small, already-crushed feed and trades throughput for a superior cubic shape and sand. Many plants run both, the HSI early in the line and the VSI at the end.

Should I choose a VSI or a cone crusher for the final stage?

They do different jobs. A cone crusher is a compression machine with the lowest wear cost per tonne on hard, abrasive rock, but its product carries more flaky and elongated particles. A vertical shaft impactor breaks rock by impact and delivers the most cubic product and the best manufactured sand, at a lower capacity and higher wear cost per tonne. The standard hard-rock circuit answers the question for you: jaw or gyratory for primary, cone for secondary and tertiary reduction, then the VSI as the shaping stage.

What feed size and materials suit a vertical shaft impactor?

Keep the feed within about forty millimetres, well graded and screened, with moisture low enough to avoid packing in the chamber. Granite, basalt, river pebble, limestone and similar rock all work well. Very sticky or wet feed should be avoided, and on extremely abrasive high-silica rock the rock-on-rock chamber design is what keeps wear cost acceptable. Oversize feed causes rotor imbalance and shortens wear part life.

Can a VSI crusher make manufactured sand to a specification?

Yes. Manufactured sand from zero to five millimetres is the classic VSI duty. Gradation is tuned by rotor speed, cascade ratio and feed rate: higher speed gives a finer product, and more cascade flow raises capacity without extra power or wear. Pairing the crusher with a vibrating screen in closed circuit, and with classification where the specification requires it, lets a plant hold a steady fineness modulus.

How long do VSI rotor tips and wear parts last?

Wear life depends on the abrasiveness of the rock, rotor speed and the balance of the rotor. Tungsten carbide rotor tips on abrasive duties are a scheduled replacement item, and opposing tips are changed in matched sets to keep the rotor balanced. Running with a missing or badly worn tip damages the rotor body. The Fengshen rotor layout spreads impact across replaceable elements and protects the body, which extends service intervals and keeps change-outs quick.

What support does Ormaise provide for the CH-PL series?

Ormaise supplies original-specification rotors, tips and wear parts matched to the build record of each machine, together with commissioning support, operator training and remote diagnostics. Because every CH-PL ships with its balancing and test records, service questions are answered against the actual data of your unit, and wear parts arrive as the exact items your machine was built with.

Vertical Shaft Impactor Selection Guide for Sand and Aggregate Plants

The Working Principle: Rock-on-Rock Impact Crushing

A vertical shaft impactor has no closed side setting and no compression stroke. A rotor spinning at roughly one thousand to two thousand revolutions per minute takes the feed from the top of the machine, accelerates it to sixty to eighty metres per second, and hurls it outward. In the rock-on-rock chamber used by the CH-PL series, the ejected rock strikes a lining of the same material packed inside the chamber, so particles fracture along their natural cleavage planes. The result is the most cubic product of any crusher type and a chamber that largely protects itself from metal wear. Machines of this class have been the standard sand-making and shaping stage since the original rock-on-rock designs of the nineteen seventies, and the terminology buyers use today, rock-on-rock versus rock-on-anvil, comes from that lineage.

Where the VSI Sits in the Circuit

The VSI is a finishing machine and takes small, already-crushed feed. In a typical hard-rock plant, a jaw crusher or gyratory crusher handles primary reduction, a cone crusher works the secondary and tertiary stages, and the VSI closes the line as the shaping and sand-making stage, running in closed circuit with a vibrating screen. On softer stone an impact crusher may cover the middle stages, and the whole line can also be mounted as a mobile crushing station. Because the VSI accepts feed of only about forty millimetres, the upstream stages must prepare the feed properly; oversize entering the rotor causes imbalance and rapid wear.

VSI vs HSI: Choosing the Impact Crusher Type

Both are impact crushers, but they sit at opposite ends of the plant:

Item	Vertical Shaft Impactor (VSI)	Horizontal Shaft Impactor (HSI)
Shaft orientation	Vertical, feed enters the rotor from the top	Horizontal, feed struck by blow bars on a horizontal rotor
Position in plant	Tertiary and quaternary finishing stage	Primary and secondary stages
Typical feed size	Up to about 40-60 mm, crushed and screened feed	Several hundred millimetres, direct quarry feed
Best materials	Medium-hard to hard rock; rock-on-rock suits abrasive feed	Soft to medium rock, limestone, recycling
Product	Most cubic product, manufactured sand	High reduction ratio, good shape on soft rock
Wear behaviour	Rotor tips and liners; rock-on-rock minimises metal wear	Blow bars wear quickly on abrasive rock

A simple rule: if the feed is large and the rock is soft, start with an HSI; if the feed is small and the product shape or sand content is the selling point, finish with a VSI. Many aggregate plants use both in one line.

Manufactured Sand and Gradation Control

Manufactured sand is the classic VSI product, and demand keeps growing as natural river sand is restricted in more markets. Because the machine has no mechanical setting, gradation is tuned from the operating side: higher rotor speed gives a finer product and more sand; a higher cascade ratio raises capacity and adds fines without extra installed power or extra wear; feed rate and feed gradation set the base the operator works from. The CH-PL series combines a precisely controlled bypass feeding system with adjustable rotor speed for exactly this purpose, and the product gradation curves in our technical documentation show the expected output for hard, medium-hard and soft rock. Where a tight fineness modulus is specified, pair the crusher with screening and classification equipment and run the circuit in closed loop.

Rotor Care and Wear Part Management

The rotor is the heart of the machine and its balance is not negotiable. Tungsten carbide tips are the main wear items; they are replaced in matched opposing sets so the rotor stays balanced, and running with a missing tip risks the rotor body itself. The Fengshen rotor used in the CH-PL series applies a double-throw wear part layout that spreads impact across replaceable elements and shields the body, extending service intervals on abrasive duties. Plan tip and liner change-outs together with screen media changes so the whole finishing circuit stops once, and track wear against tonnes crushed and rotor hours so replacements arrive before the wear limit, not after.